Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Therapeutic Exercise in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria (based on National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance): * Clinical criteria for KOA: age ≥45 years, activity-related knee pain, and morning knee stiffness lasting ≤30 minutes. * Knee pain for 3 months or longer. * Knee pain on most days during the previous month. * Overall knee pain intensity ≥4 on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS; 0-10) during the previous week. * Ownership of a smartphone and ability to use a mobile application. * Internet access at home and/or via the mobile phone. * Ability to provide informed consent, participate, and complete study assessments. Exclusion Criteria: * Having a planned knee arthroplasty (knee replacement) surgery. * Knee prosthesis/arthroplasty in the most painful knee. * Participation in a therapeutic exercise program for knee osteoarthritis within the past 6 weeks. * Infiltration for knee osteoarthritis within the past 12 weeks. * Inflammatory arthritic conditions. * A fall in the past 12 months without medical clearance to perform unsupervised home exercise. * Being homebound during the past month without medical clearance to perform unsupervised home exercise. * Failing the pre-exercise screening and not having medical clearance to perform unsupervised home exercise. * Inability to communicate in Spanish. * Any neurological or systemic disease that may limit participation in the study.