Evaluation of Agreement Between Artificial Intelligence and Experienced Anesthesiologists in Target Point Identification for Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block: A Prospective Observational Study

Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 80 years * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III * Patients scheduled for upper extremity surgery under ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block as part of routine clinical practice * Ability to obtain adequate real-time ultrasound imaging of the axillary region prior to block performance * Provision of written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Inability to clearly visualize the axillary artery and at least one peripheral nerve (median, ulnar, radial, or musculocutaneous) on ultrasound imaging * Presence of significant ultrasound artifacts impairing image interpretation * History of previous surgery in the axillary region causing anatomical distortion * Anatomical deformities or significant anatomical variations in the axillary region * Inadequate ultrasound image quality due to severe obesity or other technical limitations * Failure to obtain real-time ultrasound imaging prior to block performance * Withdrawal of informed consent