Observational Study on the Accuracy and Completeness of General Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Recommendations for Failed or Painful Total Hip Arthroplasty

Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults (≥18 and ≤80 years old). * Documented painful or failed total hip arthroplasty requiring clinical/radiological evaluation (2004-2024). * Complete pre-operative clinical history, imaging (X-ray/tomography), and surgical reports. * Clear diagnosis of failure mode (e.g., aseptic loosening, infection, fracture, wear). * Treatment and outcomes fully documented in the institutional database. * "Exemplary" cases with minimal diagnostic ambiguity (per Engh/MusculoSkleletal Infection Society criteria, etc.). Exclusion Criteria: * total hip arthroplasty with no documented failure/pain (well-functioning implants). * Incomplete clinical/radiological records (e.g., missing pre-operative imaging or surgical notes). * Complex/multifactorial failures (e.g., concurrent infection + loosening + fracture). * Radiographs/images non-interpretable (poor quality, missing views). * Cases with conflicting diagnoses/treatments in original records.