Instrument-Specific Effects of an AI-Generated Animated Video Series on Dental Anxiety in Paediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 4-8 years * Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale score of 3 or 4 (positive or definitely positive) at initial assessment * No previous restorative or surgical dental treatment * ASA physical status classification I or II * Ability to communicate in Turkish * Written informed consent from the parent or legal guardian Exclusion Criteria: * Confirmed neurodevelopmental disorder (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) * Clinically significant visual or hearing impairment * Prior exposure to formal behaviour management conditioning programmes * Requirement for emergency dental care at the study appointment