Improving Gum Health Among Older Adults in Hong Kong Through Artificial Intelligence-Based Mobile Health for Personalized Oral Hygiene Instruction

Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: * Subjects aged ≥60 years and able to give informed consent: * Subjects who are mentally and cognitively healthy * Subjects who have at least 20 anterior maxillary or mandibular natural teeth including incisors and canine. * Subjects who can speak, read, or understand Cantonese for complete the satisfaction questionnaire. * Subjects who can practice oral hygiene procedure (regular tooth brushing and interdental cleansing/flossing/brushing) daily on their own independently. Exclusion Criteria: * Subjects who have less than 20 anterior maxillary or mandibular natural teeth with or without dental prostheses in those area. * Subjects who have mental illness, or similar problems that unable to complete the satisfaction questionnaire. * Subjects who cannot perform oral hygiene procedure (regular tooth brushing and interdental cleansing/flossing/brushing) by any condition of oral cavity such as tumor or maxillomandibular fixation. * Subjects who cannot attend weekly oral hygiene instruction at centers.