Digital Manufacturing and Periodontal Performance of CAD/CAM-Customized Orthodontic Molar Bands Compared With Standard Stainless-Steel Bands

Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: Adolescents requiring fixed orthodontic therapy involving molar bands Good general health with no systemic diseases affecting periodontal tissues Acceptable baseline oral hygiene Patient and guardian consent to participate Compliance with follow-up visits Exclusion Criteria: History of periodontal disease Current antibiotic or anti-inflammatory therapy Dental trauma affecting first molars Poor oral hygiene compliance during screening Systemic conditions affecting periodontal health