Development and Randomized Controlled Trial of an AI-powered Technological Surrogate Physiotherapist (TSP) Dedicated to Quality Enhancement and Cost Reduction in Knee Osteoarthritis Exercise Rehabilitation

Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria: 1. At least 50 years of age; 2. Report having knee pain most days of the week; 3. Has radiographic evidence of grade 2, 3, or 4 knee OA on the K-L scale in the posteroanterior and/or skyline view in at least 1 knee; 4. Willing and able, both physically and cognitively, to perform the exercises required in the study protocol; 5. Has normal or corrected-to-normal vision; 6. Able to speak Cantonese and read Chinese, AND 7. Able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion criteria: 1. Having a history of knee or hip replacement surgery; 2. Being nonambulatory; 3. Having systemic inflammatory arthritis (e.g., gout); 4. Having a history of trauma (e.g., fractures around the knee, dislocation, sprains or tears of soft tissues like ligaments) or surgical arthroscopy of either knee within the past 6 months; 5. Having intra-articular injection to the knee within the past 6 months; 6. Having cognitive impairment; 7. Involvement in a similar study (i.e., involving physical exercise or physical therapies for knee pain) within the past 6 months; 8. Undergoing recent or imminent surgery (within 3 months) , OR 9. Having medical co-morbidities that preclude participation in exercise.