Research Appraisals
Evidence-based critical appraisals of the latest medical research, systematically evaluated using Oxford CEBM methodology.
Showing 2 appraisals
Computational biology and chemistry
The intervention of AI and ML generated Xenobots in the perspective of future technology: a review.
The evolution of synthetic mini-robots has contributed much to the field of science and technology. Still, of now, computational technology has shifted to generate AI-based robots from the living matter of Amphibian cells by utilizing evolutionary algorithms. In this aspect, we have discussed the evolution, role, applications, and ethical considerations of the Xenobots (the world's first living, programmable organisms) in this challenging artificial intelligence age. The various techniques involved in programming the xenobots were discussed, such as cell harvesting and culturing, computational design and simulation, assembly and bio-printing, cell differentiation and integration, machine learning and AI integration, etc. Moreover, they find their applications and promise significance in various fields, including medicine and health care. Finally,ethical considerations were discussed to emphasize safety, ensuring responsible development and deployment in various fields.
3 Aug 2026
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Multistage microrobots with pH-responsive release of platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles
Targeted drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract remains challenging because therapeutics must overcome multiple hierarchical barriers before reaching diseased tissue. Here, we present a multistage delivery platform that integrates magnetic microrobots, a pH-responsive protective coating, and platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (PNPs) in one platform. A fillable design enables the formation of an internal magnetic layer for microrobot actuation, while the pH-responsive coating protects the cargo during transit and selectively degrades upon pH change, releasing cancer cell-targeting PNPs. In an in vitro colon cancer model that reproduces key gastrointestinal features, including flow, pH variation, and villi-like structures, this strategy increased nanoparticle retention and enhanced cancer cell cytotoxicity compared to nanoparticles administered alone. Ex vivo studies in porcine stomach and intestine further demonstrated robust locomotion on compliant and folded tissue surfaces. These results establish an environment-responsive hierarchical delivery strategy for more precise oral delivery in complex gastrointestinal settings.
20 July 2026
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