Research Appraisals
Evidence-based critical appraisals of the latest medical research, systematically evaluated using Oxford CEBM methodology.
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Journal of medical Internet research
User Acceptability and Adoption of AI-Generated Lifestyle Intervention Recommendations: Scoping Review and Theoretical Integration
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated lifestyle recommendations are increasingly used to support health behavior change. However, AI advice does not necessarily mean that users will accept or adopt those recommendations. Although prior reviews have examined AI-enabled lifestyle interventions and health behavior technologies, fewer have focused on whether users accept and adopt AI-generated recommendations. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to map user acceptability and adoption of AI-generated lifestyle recommendations in user-facing systems used by end users or caregivers. Objectives were to characterize systems and evaluation contexts, clarify how recommendation-level outcomes were conceptualized and measured, synthesize shaping factors, and develop an evidence-informed framework to guide future research, evaluation, and design. METHODS: Following JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) guidance and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews), we searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, APA PsycInfo via ProQuest, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore from database inception to May 5, 2026. The initial search was conducted on November 21, 2025, and an updated search was conducted on May 5, 2026. Eligible studies reported empirical end-user or caregiver data, evaluated AI-generated lifestyle recommendation content delivered without manual review or editing, and reported an acceptability or adoption outcome linked to recommendations. English empirical papers and conference papers were included. Data were charted on study, system, outcome, measurement, factor, and theoretical characteristics. Quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were synthesized descriptively and through evidence mapping. RESULTS: Searches yielded 12,997 records; 8570 unique records were screened, and 21 studies were included. Most were published in 2025 or 2026 (17/21, 81%). Large language model-centered systems were the most common format (12/21, 57.1%). Outcomes were concentrated in acceptability-related perceptions, such as satisfaction or enjoyment, perceived quality or fit, and persuasiveness, whereas adoption-related outcomes were assessed less often and mainly reflected intention, in-study uptake, or short-term enactment. Factors clustered across system capabilities, content properties, individual states and capacities, and contextual constraints. Findings informed an integrative perception-intention-enactment framework positioning acceptability and adoption as a system-content-user-context process. CONCLUSIONS: This review extends prior AI and digital health reviews by shifting attention toward how users perceive, intend to follow, and enact AI-generated lifestyle recommendations. Acceptability and adoption appear to depend on systems eliciting and adapting to context, content being actionable and credible, users having the capacity to interpret, trust, and engage with recommendations while retaining control, and resources, routines, and social contexts allowing enactment. The framework can guide theory-driven evaluation, outcome selection, and system design by identifying where recommendation processes may succeed or fail, but should be interpreted as preliminary and evidence-informed rather than causal. By integrating implementation, behavioral, and human-AI perspectives, this review provides a foundation for moving AI-generated lifestyle recommendations from technically plausible outputs toward user-centered, context-sensitive, and behaviorally actionable support.
16 July 2026
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Determinants of dropout from lifestyle interventions for overweight polycystic ovary syndrome: An exploratory analysis of randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE: This exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial aimed to identify baseline predictors of dropout in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) participating in a lifestyle intervention program. METHODS: An exploratory analysis was conducted using data from a randomized controlled trial involving overweight or insulin-resistant women with PCOS aged 18-45. All participants received cyclic progestin, metformin, and a structured lifestyle intervention. Dropout was defined as proactive withdrawal, missing two consecutive visits, or loss of contact for more than six months. Univariate and adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with dropout. RESULTS: Among the participants, 61.06% (n = 69) dropped out within one year. No significant differences were observed in baseline demographic, clinical, biochemical, psychological, or dietary characteristics between completers and dropouts. However, baseline physical activity level (PAL), objectively measured using an accelerometer, was identified as the strongest predictor of dropout. Each 0.3-unit increase in PAL was associated with a 29.6% reduction in the likelihood of dropout. CONCLUSION: Baseline PAL is strongly associated with the risk of dropout. Screening for PAL in women with PCOS is recommended, and those with lower PAL should receive personalized support in addition to lifestyle interventions to improve adherence and promote weight loss.
28 June 2026
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