IOTA Tangle-based traceability framework for wheat crop supply chain
Clinical Snapshot
PICO Framework
| P — Population | Wheat supply chain stakeholders in Tunisia (farmers, distributors, retailers, government officials) |
| I — Intervention | IOTA Tangle-based distributed ledger technology framework with smart contracts, IPFS, AI, and Self-Sovereign Identity |
| C — Comparator | Traditional wheat supply chain management systems |
| O — Outcomes | Supply chain transparency, traceability, fraud prevention, operational efficiency, food security |
Bottom Line
This technology development study presents an innovative IOTA Tangle-based framework for wheat supply chain traceability in Tunisia, integrating distributed ledger technology with smart contracts, artificial intelligence, and mobile verification systems. While the technical approach appears sophisticated and addresses important food security challenges, the study lacks empirical validation, user testing, or comparative effectiveness data. The framework's potential benefits for transparency, fraud prevention, and operational efficiency are theoretical without demonstrated real-world performance metrics. For healthcare professionals, this work primarily informs understanding of emerging food safety technologies rather than providing evidence for clinical decision-making. The absence of cost-effectiveness analysis, stakeholder acceptance data, and implementation challenges limits the practical applicability of these findings to healthcare policy or clinical nutrition practice.
Key Findings
P Value: Not applicable - no statistical testing
Effect Size: Not quantified - descriptive framework development
Primary Outcome: Development of IOTA Tangle-based wheat supply chain traceability framework
Nnt Or Sensitivity: System sensitivity and specificity for fraud detection not reported
Confidence Interval: Not provided
Clinical Application
Implementation feasibility unclear without pilot testing data or stakeholder engagement assessment Limited direct relevance to Australian healthcare; may inform food safety and agricultural policy discussions but requires adaptation to Australian regulatory framework and supply chain structures Limited direct clinical application - primarily relevant to public health nutrition and food safety professionals
Abstract
Distributed ledger technology (DLT) has emerged as a transformative solution across industries, offering decentralization, transparency, and security. Among DLT architectures, IOTA's Tangle stands out as a scalable, feeless framework well-suited for supply chain applications, particularly in critical sectors like agriculture. This work leverages IOTA's Tangle to design a secure and traceable wheat supply chain system, addressing challenges such as opacity, fraud, and inefficiency. The proposed solution is an IOTA-based framework designed for enhancing supply chain traceability of wheat, offering trustworthy, transparent, secure and scalable services. Based on smart contracts, a transaction processing system was developed to enhance transparency and traceability and automate tasks. Furthermore, we used various technologies for increased visibility and operational efficiency throughout the supply chain, including IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) for storing extensive data such as stakeholder certifications, AI (Artificial Intelligence) for predicting crop yields, and Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) for enhanced security. In addition, a government-provided mobile app helps silo managers and police officers verify transportation credentials and prevent contraband. The implementation of this system is expected to enhance supply chain resilience and transparency, particularly in Tunisia, thereby supporting the country's goal of food autonomy.
References
- 1.Ahmed, I., Turki, M., Baklouti, M., & Dammak, B. (2026). IOTA Tangle-based traceability framework for wheat crop supply chain. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5992
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