Impact of parent education programmes on confidence and self-efficacy in parents of preterm infants: a systematic review

Clinical Snapshot

Key Findings

• P Value: 6 of 14 studies showed non-significant between-group differences

• Effect Size: Not reported - narrative synthesis only

• Primary Outcome: Parent confidence and self-efficacy scores on quantitative surveys

• Nnt Or Sensitivity: All interventions showed baseline improvements regardless of statistical significance

• Confidence Interval: Not provided

Clinical Application

Both unit-specific and commercial programmes appear feasible for implementation in standard NICU care Aligns with Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care standards for family-centred care in neonatal services and NHMRC guidelines for preterm infant care Parents of preterm infants in Australian NICUs, particularly relevant given family-centred care emphasis

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Families of preterm infants can experience high stress during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalisation, which interferes with the development of parenting confidence and self-efficacy through active engagement with their infants. Parent NICU support programmes provide guidance and education to build this connection. This systematic review examined the effects of parent education programmes on confidence and self-efficacy among parents of preterm infants. DESIGN: Systematic review in PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Web of Science. SETTING: NICU. PARTICIPANTS: Parents of preterm infants. INTERVENTION: Education programmes offered to parents in the NICU. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quantitative surveys measuring parent confidence or self-efficacy. RESULTS: 14 studies met inclusion criteria from an initial 220 identified. Five were randomised controlled trials and nine were non-randomised studies. Programmes combining information delivery with opportunities for parent-infant engagement were most effective. Infant access and time to practise skills were key factors in transferring programme knowledge to increase parent confidence and self-efficacy. While 6 of the 14 studies did not show statistically significant differences between groups, all interventions demonstrated improvements in parental confidence or self-efficacy from baseline. Vast variability in duration of intervention, proper descriptions of facilitator trainings, methodological limitations and potential confounding factors reduced the overall quality of evidence to a low level. CONCLUSION: Both unit-specific programmes developed within individual NICUs and commercially available, copyrighted parent education programmes hold value. They are generally effective in building parent confidence and self-efficacy among parents of preterm infants. Integrating either type of programme into standard NICU care may hold promise for strengthening parental competence and promoting family-centred outcomes. Clarity on content/topics of programmes, duration and level of facilitator trainings can strengthen the process of supporting parents in the NICU, even in low resource settings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024524063.

References

1. 1.Padbidri, P., Joshi, V., Hix-Small, H., & Dekhane, P. B. (2026). Impact of parent education programmes on confidence and self-efficacy in parents of preterm infants: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004454